Some 118 cardinals will commence a closed door gathering?to select the next pope in the coming weeks.
By Whitney Eulich,?Staff writer / February 28, 2013
Pope Benedict XVI blesses the faithful for the last time from the balcony of his summer residence in Castel Gandolfo Thursday. Pope Benedict left the Vatican on Thursday after pledging support to whoever succeeds him to guide the Roman Catholic Church at one of the most crisis-ridden periods in its 2,000-year history.
Tony Gentile/Reuters
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Pope Benedict XVI marks his historic last day on the throne of St. Peter today, before becoming the first to resign from the papacy in 600 years. Benedict gave his final public mass on Wednesday and today sent off his 39th and ultimate tweet from his official papal Twitter account before boarding a helicopter bound for Castel Gandolfo, where he will begin his retirement.
Skip to next paragraph Whitney Eulich
Latin America Editor
Whitney Eulich is the Monitor's Latin America editor, overseeing regional coverage for CSMonitor.com and the weekly magazine. She also curates the Latin America Monitor Blog.
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People of all faiths are debating the impact of Pope Benedict's resignation.
Benedict pledged his unconditional support for the future pope today, telling cardinals ?May the Lord show you what he wants. Among you there is the future pope, to whom I today declare my unconditional reverence and obedience,? reports Reuters.?
Some 118 cardinals will commence the closed-door conclave to select the next pope in coming weeks. Only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote, and given the controversy surrounding the Catholic Church in recent years ? from sexual abuse scandals to diminishing congregations in many parts of the world to polarizing public health statements related to the use of condoms and the spread of HIV/AIDS ? many observers are voicing their opinions on what kind of pope the church needs.
According to The Christian Science Monitor?s Sara Miller Llana, those in the developing world are hopeful the next pope will come from Asia, Africa, or Latin America:
Latin America is home to 40 percent of the world?s 1 billion Roman Catholics: Brazil is the largest Catholic country in the world, and Mexico is the second largest.
There has never been a non-European pope in the modern era, and naming a leader from Latin America, Africa, or Asia?would be considered a radical new direction for the Eurocentric Vatican. But it would also reflect a new, and to many a long overdue, pragmatism within the institution. While nearly three-quarters of Latin Americans identify as Catholic, for example, only a quarter of Europeans do?.
?The future of the global church is in Africa, parts of Asia, and Latin America,? [Andrew Chesnut,?the Bishop Walter F. Sullivan Chair in Catholic Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University] says.
Though Benedict will not play a direct role in choosing the next pope, his influence will still be felt, notes a separate Monitor story. He appointed numerous cardinals?during his eight years as pope, all of whom walk a more traditional line.
[T]he outgoing pontiff has been so instrumental in shaping the policies and personnel of the Roman Catholic church that his presence won?t matter, analysts say.
For 24 years Benedict, as Cardinal Ratzinger, ruled the roost in the Vatican as Pope John Paul II?s enforcer, the powerful head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and he has overseen a tightening, not a loosening, of church doctrine.
Since 2005 he further consolidated power as pope. So the conclave of cardinals and bishops meeting in Rome next month are there precisely due to their loyalty to Benedict?s vision of the Roman church.
There?s also the unique challenge the church must face of having a living ex-pope, something it hasn?t had to deal with for centuries. Benedict?s retirement ?raises a potential difficulty for the Vatican ? that even after his retirement, he could become a lightning rod for dissatisfaction and dissent with his successor, whoever that might be,? reports Nick Squires for The Monitor from Rome.
Once the new pope is selected, Benedict will retire in a monastery within the Vatican City, providing ample opportunity for the old and the new to cross paths.
[A]ccording to the Vatican spokesman, Benedict will continue to write and publish treatises and essays ? he is a noted theologian who recently completed a trilogy on the life of Christ.
That could produce a situation where the former pope says one thing on an important matter, while his successor says something different.
?Traditionally popes have not resigned because there is this question of what do you do with two popes,? says John Thavis, an American who has covered the Vatican for 30 years and recently wrote??an insider?s account of the Holy See ? ?The Vatican Diaries.?
?What should be the role of a former pope ? does he have to stay quiet for the rest of his life? What if he speaks up and disagrees with his successor? You then have the prospect of the Church effectively having two popes.?
Benedict has never been regarded as a power-hungry political player and will probably embrace a return to a quiet life of study and prayer.
?I don?t think he will deliberately upstage or contradict his successor,? says Mr. Thavis. ?But he?s not going to be behind a wall of silence. If I was the new pope, I would be paying attention to whatever he writes about.?
NEW YORK (AP) ? The price of oil was little changed Thursday after the government slightly revised upward its estimate of fourth-quarter U.S. economic growth.
Benchmark crude for April delivery fell 10 cents to $92.66 a barrel in afternoon trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
The U.S. economy grew at a 0.1 percent annual rate from October through December, the Commerce Department said. That's the weakest performance in nearly two years. The latest estimate of fourth-quarter growth was only slightly better than the government's initial estimate that the economy shrank at a rate of 0.1 percent.
But economists believe a steady housing rebound, stronger hiring and solid spending by consumers and businesses are pushing economic growth higher in the current quarter.
Pump prices fell for only the third time in the last 41 days, and by just a trickle. The average for a gallon of gas slid to $3.782 a gallon from $3.786. The price is still 5 cents more than it was a year ago, and 42 cents higher than it was just a month earlier.
Brent crude, used to price many kinds of oil imported by U.S. refineries, rose 38 cents to $112.25 on the ICE Futures exchange In London.
In other energy futures trading on the Nymex:
? Wholesale gasoline rose 3 cents at $3.14 a gallon.
? Heating oil was unchanged at $2.99 a gallon.
? Natural gas rose 5 cents to $3.48 per 1,000 cubic feet.
Microsoft-owned Yammer has been relatively quiet since its acquisition by Redmond, but the company piped up today to announce plans to add instant message translation capabilities, which will allow multilingual collaboration on the “Facebook for the office.” The Yammer team is tapping Microsoft Translator to power the translations, which is yet another benefit of Microsoft’s $1.2 billion acquisition of Yammer. It’s relatively simple, and much like current auto-translation services you’d find on Google Translate (built into Chrome) or Airbnb, which has auto-translation for over 20 languages. Essentially, any time someone yams in a language that is not your default language, a “Translate” button will appear below the post. Once you hit translate, the entire thread will be translated into your preferred, default language. This means that the initial post (whether it was a reply or a thread-starter) will be translated, along with any response messages that are added to that thread (past, present, and future). Here’s what Adam Pisoni, Yammer co-founder and GM of Engineering had to say: Removing language as a barrier to cross-company collaboration can be a competitive game changer for multinational organizations. It opens a world of possibilities. This is another example of Yammer?s accelerated innovation following the Microsoft acquisition ? we?re able to use Microsoft Translator to quickly deliver additional value to customers. Microsoft Translator supports 39 different languages. The company also claims that 65 percent of Yammer’s 7 million users do not live within the United States. Though the service has long supported various languages, this will allow for cross-language collaboration for Yammer’s clients. Here’s a video of the translation in action:
NFL.com has published detailed profiles of almost all of the players who attended this year?s Scouting Combine, and all of those profiles include a section titled ?NFL comparison,? which names the current NFL player who is the most similar to that particular draft prospect. There?s nothing unusual about that.
But here?s what is a little odd: For all four of the white wide receivers that NFL.com profiled, the ?NFL comparison? is another white wide receiver.
I noticed that after I wrote about Texas A&M wide receiver Ryan Swope saying that people are surprised that he?s a white guy who can run a 4.3-second 40-yard dash. When I wrote that, I mentioned that NFL.com seemed to be falling into the usual stereotypes about white receivers, describing Swope as a hard worker with good hands who lacks straight-line speed, while saying the NFL player most similar to Swope is another white guy, Jordan Shipley.
After I wrote about Swope, I got a call from NFL.com Senior Editor Andy Fenelon. He was not happy. Fenelon lectured me about how unfair I was, demanded that I explain myself to him, and informed me that he stands by what NFL.com published.
I didn?t much care for Fenelon?s approach (he apparently never heard the old saw about attracting more flies with honey than vinegar), but I decided to take a closer look at the wide receiver evaluations at NFL.com and see whether I had unfairly represented the way the league?s official site evaluates white wide receivers.
And after taking that closer look, I don?t think I was unfair at all. White receivers are, in fact, exclusively compared to other white receivers. (Read the profiles of Swope and the other white wide receivers, Brandon Kaufman, T.J. Moe and Conner Vernon and see for yourself.) White receivers are praised by NFL.com for their good hands and their toughness, but downgraded for their speed. All four profiles demonstrate the stereotypes we?ve all heard about white receivers a million times.
I mention this not because I think anyone involved in compiling the NFL.com profiles is racist (I don?t) but because I think it?s important for all of us to challenge the stereotypes that we all encounter every day. At NFL.com, the stereotypes about white wide receivers are prevalent. Whether NFL.com wants to admit that or not.
Twin CU-Boulder instruments reveal a third radiation belt can wrap around EarthPublic release date: 28-Feb-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Dan Baker Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu 303-492-0591 University of Colorado at Boulder
With the flip of a switch, a pair of instruments designed and built by the University of Colorado Boulder and flying onboard twin NASA space probes have forced the revision of a 50-year-old theory about the structure of the radiation belts that wrap around the Earth just a few thousand miles above our heads.
The Van Allen radiation belts donut-shaped rings of so-called "killer electrons" that encircle the Earth were the first discovery of the space age. Data sent back from NASA's Pioneer 3 and Explorer IV spacecraft, both launched in 1958 and both carrying instruments built by James Van Allen, showed the presence of two distinct rings of high-energy electrons.
On Aug. 30, NASA launched the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission, since renamed the Van Allen Probes mission, to learn more about the belts, which are known to be hazardous to satellites, astronauts and technological systems on Earth.
Each probe carries a Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope, or REPT, designed and built at CU-Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, known as LASP. When CU-Boulder scientists turned on the instruments, just a few days after launch, they were shocked by what they saw unfold: the formation of a third "storage ring" radiation belt.
"It was so odd looking, I thought there must be something wrong with the instrument," said LASP Director Dan Baker, REPT principal investigator and lead author of the study published online today in the journal Science. "But we saw things identically on each of the spacecraft. We had to come to the conclusion that this was real."
The data sent back to Earth from the REPT instruments during the month of September initially showed two Van Allen belts, as expected. But after a few days, the outer ring appeared to compress into an intense, tightly packed electron band and a third, less compact belt of electrons formed further out, creating a total of three rings. The middle "storage ring" persisted as the belt furthest away from Earth began to decay away in the third week of September, until, finally, a powerful interplanetary shockwave traveling from the sun virtually annihilated both the storage ring and the rest of the outer belt.
Scientists have known that the outer Van Allen belt can fluctuate wildly, at times swelling with charged particles before letting them slip away again, depending on space weather. In the months since the storage belt and the outer belt virtually disappeared, the Van Allen radiation zones have re-formed into the originally expected two-belt structure.
"We have no idea how often this sort of thing happens," Baker said. "This may occur fairly frequently but we didn't have the tools to see it."
The fact that NASA's new tools observed the events at all was somewhat serendipitous. When NASA launches a new spacecraft, instruments onboard are turned on, tested and calibrated in a prescribed order. CU-Boulder's REPT instruments were originally scheduled to be turned on about a month after launch, when the third Van Allen radiation belt would have already dissipated. But Baker and his colleagues lobbied to jump the REPT instrument to the front of the instrument commissioning line.
Baker's concern was that the only other NASA sensors collecting similar though far more rudimentary data on the Van Allen radiation belts were onboard the 20-year-old Solar, Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, or SAMPEX, mission, which was expected to fall back into Earth's atmosphere and burn up in late 2012.
Baker wanted REPT to collect as much overlapping data with SAMPEX as possible so that the two data records could be more easily stitched together and compared with each other. The REPT researchers won their case, and the instruments powered up on Sept. 1.
"Had we not done so, we would have missed this," Baker said. "It's good to be in the right place at the right time with the right instrument."
The two NASA probes, which are flying around Earth in an elliptical orbit, are able to send back observations for the first time from the heart of the two belts as each probe passes through. The information gathered by the twin, octagonal spacecraft will help researchers better understand how space weather affects near-Earth phenomena by interacting with, feeding and stripping away the Van Allen belts.
A better understanding of belt formation, including the number of belts, will help researchers refine their understanding of how and when solar storms can wreak havoc on Earth.
"We can offer these new observations to the theorists who model what's going on in the belts," said Shri Kanekal, the deputy mission scientist for the Van Allen Probes at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. and a co-author of the new study. "Nature presents us with this event it's there, it's a fact, you can't argue with it and now we have to explain why it's the case. Why did the third belt persist for four weeks? Why does it change? All of this information teaches us more about space."
###
Other CU-Boulder co-authors of the study include Vaughn Hoxie, a professional research assistant at LASP; Xinlin Li, a professor of aerospace engineering sciences; and Scot Elkington, a LASP research associate.
Contact:
Dan Baker, 303-492-0591
Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu
Laura Snider, CU media relations, 303-735-0528
Laura.Snider@colorado.edu
Editors: Contents embargoed until 2 p.m. EST on Thursday, Feb. 28, when NASA will hold a news conference to discuss the new findings on the Van Allen radiation belts. CU-Boulder's Dan Baker will be among the panelists. The news conference will air live on NASA Television at the agency's website. Journalists wishing to participate by phone must contact Geoff Brown at 240-228-5618 or Geoffrey.Brown@jhuapl.edu with their media affiliation no later than 10 a.m. on Feb. 28.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Twin CU-Boulder instruments reveal a third radiation belt can wrap around EarthPublic release date: 28-Feb-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Dan Baker Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu 303-492-0591 University of Colorado at Boulder
With the flip of a switch, a pair of instruments designed and built by the University of Colorado Boulder and flying onboard twin NASA space probes have forced the revision of a 50-year-old theory about the structure of the radiation belts that wrap around the Earth just a few thousand miles above our heads.
The Van Allen radiation belts donut-shaped rings of so-called "killer electrons" that encircle the Earth were the first discovery of the space age. Data sent back from NASA's Pioneer 3 and Explorer IV spacecraft, both launched in 1958 and both carrying instruments built by James Van Allen, showed the presence of two distinct rings of high-energy electrons.
On Aug. 30, NASA launched the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission, since renamed the Van Allen Probes mission, to learn more about the belts, which are known to be hazardous to satellites, astronauts and technological systems on Earth.
Each probe carries a Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope, or REPT, designed and built at CU-Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, known as LASP. When CU-Boulder scientists turned on the instruments, just a few days after launch, they were shocked by what they saw unfold: the formation of a third "storage ring" radiation belt.
"It was so odd looking, I thought there must be something wrong with the instrument," said LASP Director Dan Baker, REPT principal investigator and lead author of the study published online today in the journal Science. "But we saw things identically on each of the spacecraft. We had to come to the conclusion that this was real."
The data sent back to Earth from the REPT instruments during the month of September initially showed two Van Allen belts, as expected. But after a few days, the outer ring appeared to compress into an intense, tightly packed electron band and a third, less compact belt of electrons formed further out, creating a total of three rings. The middle "storage ring" persisted as the belt furthest away from Earth began to decay away in the third week of September, until, finally, a powerful interplanetary shockwave traveling from the sun virtually annihilated both the storage ring and the rest of the outer belt.
Scientists have known that the outer Van Allen belt can fluctuate wildly, at times swelling with charged particles before letting them slip away again, depending on space weather. In the months since the storage belt and the outer belt virtually disappeared, the Van Allen radiation zones have re-formed into the originally expected two-belt structure.
"We have no idea how often this sort of thing happens," Baker said. "This may occur fairly frequently but we didn't have the tools to see it."
The fact that NASA's new tools observed the events at all was somewhat serendipitous. When NASA launches a new spacecraft, instruments onboard are turned on, tested and calibrated in a prescribed order. CU-Boulder's REPT instruments were originally scheduled to be turned on about a month after launch, when the third Van Allen radiation belt would have already dissipated. But Baker and his colleagues lobbied to jump the REPT instrument to the front of the instrument commissioning line.
Baker's concern was that the only other NASA sensors collecting similar though far more rudimentary data on the Van Allen radiation belts were onboard the 20-year-old Solar, Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, or SAMPEX, mission, which was expected to fall back into Earth's atmosphere and burn up in late 2012.
Baker wanted REPT to collect as much overlapping data with SAMPEX as possible so that the two data records could be more easily stitched together and compared with each other. The REPT researchers won their case, and the instruments powered up on Sept. 1.
"Had we not done so, we would have missed this," Baker said. "It's good to be in the right place at the right time with the right instrument."
The two NASA probes, which are flying around Earth in an elliptical orbit, are able to send back observations for the first time from the heart of the two belts as each probe passes through. The information gathered by the twin, octagonal spacecraft will help researchers better understand how space weather affects near-Earth phenomena by interacting with, feeding and stripping away the Van Allen belts.
A better understanding of belt formation, including the number of belts, will help researchers refine their understanding of how and when solar storms can wreak havoc on Earth.
"We can offer these new observations to the theorists who model what's going on in the belts," said Shri Kanekal, the deputy mission scientist for the Van Allen Probes at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. and a co-author of the new study. "Nature presents us with this event it's there, it's a fact, you can't argue with it and now we have to explain why it's the case. Why did the third belt persist for four weeks? Why does it change? All of this information teaches us more about space."
###
Other CU-Boulder co-authors of the study include Vaughn Hoxie, a professional research assistant at LASP; Xinlin Li, a professor of aerospace engineering sciences; and Scot Elkington, a LASP research associate.
Contact:
Dan Baker, 303-492-0591
Daniel.Baker@lasp.colorado.edu
Laura Snider, CU media relations, 303-735-0528
Laura.Snider@colorado.edu
Editors: Contents embargoed until 2 p.m. EST on Thursday, Feb. 28, when NASA will hold a news conference to discuss the new findings on the Van Allen radiation belts. CU-Boulder's Dan Baker will be among the panelists. The news conference will air live on NASA Television at the agency's website. Journalists wishing to participate by phone must contact Geoff Brown at 240-228-5618 or Geoffrey.Brown@jhuapl.edu with their media affiliation no later than 10 a.m. on Feb. 28.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Feb. 27, 2013 ? Bearded capuchin monkeys deliberately place palm nuts in a stable position on a surface before trying to crack them open, revealing their capacity to use tactile information to improve tool use. The results are published February 27 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Dorothy Fragaszy and colleagues from the University of Georgia.
The researchers analyzed the monkeys' tool-use skills by videotaping adult monkeys cracking palm nuts on a surface they used frequently for the purpose. They found that monkeys positioned the nuts flat side down more frequently than expected by random chance. When placing the nuts, the monkeys knocked the nuts on the surface a few times before releasing them, after which the nuts very rarely moved.
The researchers suggest that the monkeys may have learned to optimize this tool-use strategy by repeatedly knocking the nut to achieve the stable position prior to cracking it. They conclude that the monkeys' strategic placement of the nut reveals that the monkeys pay attention to the fit between the nut and the surface each time they place the nut, and adjust their actions accordingly.
In a parallel experiment, the scientists asked blindfolded people to perform the same action, positioning palm nuts on an anvil as if to crack them with a stone or hammer. Like the monkeys, the human participants also followed tactile cues to place the nut flat-side down on the anvil.
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Journal Reference:
Dorothy M. Fragaszy, Qing Liu, Barth W. Wright, Angellica Allen, Callie Welch Brown, Elisabetta Visalberghi. Wild Bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) Strategically Place Nuts in a Stable Position during Nut-Cracking. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8 (2): e56182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056182
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
David Einhorn may have scored a tiny victory over Apple (AAPL) in court last week, but that's not likely to stop the ongoing crash in AAPL shares. That's because Apple's main problem isn't one of corporate structure or a huge pile of unused cash. Apple's stock is lower because the company has lost its way as a disruptive creative force ? and there's nothing Einhorn or anyone else can do to help.
Simon Baker of Baker Ave Asset Management agrees. "The only thing that can really help out is innovation," Baker says of the crumbling stock. "That's what Apple is lacking right now."
Apple apologists can whine about Einhorn or "the market" for not understanding the Apple story, but the harsh reality is Apple's not growing earnings anymore. All the things that were unique about the company aren't as adorable when investors are groping for a reason to buy Apple on what is now a 40% dip.
With Steve Jobs gone, the onus for proving that Apple is still an innovation factory falls to the bulls, not the skeptics. Vague assurances that Apple has "solved television" are less an investment thesis than a cruel taunt to shareholders who are now underwater for the last 12 months.
Those who cite Apple's history as a reason for faith need to look back further than 2005 and start considering the dark decade after Jobs left the company for the first time. Back then Apple was looking for grown-up managers to help the company find its way in a post-Mac world. The board turned Apple over to John Sculley, a former PepsiCo exec with vast and impressive experience managing brands.
Sculley ran the company like an MBA. Not coincidentally, he also nearly ran Apple out of business. Only when Jobs came back did Apple regain its mojo. Now Apple is once again being run by a fully capable operator and Sculley is the one heckling from the sidelines, but there's no Steve Jobs begging to get back in the game.
If there's one good thing to come from Einhorn's activism it's that he has been able to get the company to come out from hiding behind its track record and start thinking more practically. Baker says Einhorn has been able to get Apple to address the issue of its bloated cash holdings and how the company can best use the money to benefit the shareholders.
It's no substitute for innovation, but activism is the best thing Apple has going for it right now. If Tim Cook and his team want to change the conversation they need to give Wall Street something else to talk about.